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When landing root And @ There is no space between
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mv Command to cut , Change file name and other functions
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cp command -i The command asks before overwriting
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cat Press enter after obtaining from the keyboard to display on the screen , Read small files
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tac And cat corresponding Reverse order printing
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more command Display for easy reading
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| The Conduit
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dmesg Print log
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grep filter
dmesg | grep err |more -3 Combination of commands
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journal
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echo Print -e( Show special characters ) redirect （>）
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“>” redirect ">>" Append redirection , Write from end of file , Historical data will be saved
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“<” input redirection
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less And more Functional similarity /+ Digital search
-N set number q Can stop
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head Get the first ten lines of the document You can also specify how many lines to get in front
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tail Get the last ten lines of the document You can also specify how many rows to get
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Get time date
Format printable time
time stamp date+%s （1970/1/1 Number of seconds from zero to now Zero here is equivalent to eight o'clock Beijing time ）
date +%Y/%m/%d+%H:%M:%S It can be transformed into understandable time
date -d@ Timestamp conversion （@0 Is the time when the timestamp starts The time difference is eight hours ）
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cal Calendar instruction
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grep Text line filter tool Facilitate text processing
grep -E regular expression
-v Reverse selection （ be similar to C Logical non in language ）
-i ignore case
-n Output line number
grep With printing function
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find Disk discovery command High cost of discovery
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which Specifically find the path where the command is located
whereis As long as the keywords are included, they will be found （ No spaces ）
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alias ls -l And ll
ls -l --color=auto Alias is ll
Put it another way ：ll yes ls -l Alias with specific options
alias Custom alias as alias lll=‘ls -l -i --color=auto’ (color It's for coloring )
Cancel alias ： Turn off the terminal and it's gone Or set to null
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Packing compression , Unpack
zip pack ：
zip xx.zip xx
Packaged zip The file is in the current directory by default
Use when packaging multiple directories -r （ Recursive ）
unzip Unpack ：
unzip xx.zip -d route
The unpacked files are in the current directory by default
-d Specify the extracted file path
tar：（ There is no short bar connection between ）
tar czf c establish z Compressed package f New name Create a compressed file with the extension tgz
tar cvzf Yes v The packaging process is displayed after
tar xzf x Unzip the package
tar xvzf Show unpacking process
tar xzf xx.zip -C route Unzip to the specified path
Reasons for packaging compression ： Multiple files are packaged into one file , Reduce file loss due to network and other reasons （ pack ）, You can also reduce the volume （ compress ）
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tree Tree display
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bc Calculator Add other commands to control accuracy
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uname -a View host name , Current machine version , Kernel name , Kernel version , Architecture and other information
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ctrl+r stay XShell You can search the original command in the
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history Displays all commands that have been tapped
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Tab Key can be automatically supplemented （ Press twice to get a conditional command ）
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ctrl+c End process
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ctrl+d amount to exit Press several times to exit the account /XShell
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shutdown
-h Shut down immediately
-r Restart after service shutdown
-t sec How many seconds will it shut down
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reboot restart
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Sign in linux The system creates a process for the user Generally called bash（ Command Line Interpreter ）
user -> shell Shell -> linux kernel
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What is? shell? Software layer wrapped outside the operating system It is also a command line interpreter
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Why does it exist shell? Solve the problem that users are not good at dealing with the operating system Deliver requests and feedback Protected operating system
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shell And bash Relationship between ?shell Is a class bash It's a concrete one （ Kind of like java Instantiation in ）
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jurisdiction ： Super user （root） And ordinary users
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Switch users su - ( Ordinary users -> Super user )
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increase root Password security
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su + user name Switch users
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useradd ->sudo passwd user name ->userdel -r user name （ No -r Delete not clean The directory will be left ）
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sudo Temporarily increase permissions , Error reporting solution ： configuration file , change /etc/sudoers File content in
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