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<>windows And network basic commands
1,win+R open CMD Go to the command prompt
2, If the permission is not enough, use the administrator to run
<> one , Operation of directories and files
1, help
* use 【 command 】 /? view help cd /?
2,cd command Switch directory
* Switch to D disc cd /d d:\
* use /d To switch drives cd /d d:
* If the drive is not switched, you do not need to use it /d
* Directories are divided into relative paths and absolute paths
* Relative path （ Starting from the current ）
* Absolute path （ Start with the drive letter ）
* use …/ To return to the previous level
* . Represents the current directory
3,dir command Show file list
# Show hidden files dir /a:h
* sort dir /o
4,md command Used to create directories folder perhaps mkdir
* md 【 Directory name 】\ 【 Directory name 】 md test
5,rd command Delete command
# Also delete subdirectories （ Delete multilevel directory ） rd /s Direct use rd Only empty directories can be deleted # Will not be prompted to delete rd /q
6,move command move file
* For moving and renaming
* move 【path】 【path】 move test1 test2
7,copy command For copying files
*
copy 【path】【path】
*
use + To copy multiple files and merge them into one file
8,xcopy command duplicate catalog
* /s Replication and subdirectories Do not include empty directories
* /e Copy directories and subdirectories Include empty directory
9,del command Delete file
* del file name del a.txt
<> two , Text processing
1,type command Used to display the contents of a text file
* type 【 file name 】 # see file （ similar linux of cat） type a.txt
2, redirect
* “>” Write content to # example ipconfig > a.txt
3, findstr Search command Find string
* findstr file name
* /n set number findstr /n character string a.txt
**4, Pipe symbol | **
* Take the result of the previous execution as the operation object of the following command # |
<> three , Network related operations
1, to configure TCP/IP parameter
* IP address
* Subnet mask
* Default gateway
* DNS The server
2, eliminate DNS cache
* ipconfig /flushdns
3,netsh（network shell） Network configuration command
# Static configuration ip address , Subnet mask , Default gateway netsh interface ip set address "Ethernet0" static 192.168
.100.100255.255.255.0 192.168.100.1 # Automatic acquisition tcp/ip parameter netsh interface ip set
address"Ethernet0" dhcp # Configure static DNS netsh interface ip set dnsserver "Ethernet0"
static114.114.114.114 # Add alternate dns netsh interface ip add dnsserver "Ethernet0"
114.114.114.114 index=2 # Automatic acquisition dns netsh interface ip set dnsserver "Ethernet0"
dhcp
4, see TCP\IP parameter ipconfig
* Commonly used # see ip ipconfig # View all configurations ipconfig /all # release tcp/ip parameter ipconfig /release #
Reacquire tcp/ip parameter ipconfig /renew # Refresh DNS cache ipconfig /flushdns
5,ping command
* Detect communication problems # ping ip -n Number of messages sent -l Send message byte -t always ping -a return IP Host name of
6,tracert command
* Trace route tracert ip
7,route command
* Routing table used to operate the network # Print routing table route -4 print # Add route （32 Indicates the subnet mask ） route add target ip/32 gateway ip
routeadd 12.12.12.12/32 192.168.0.1 # Delete route route delete target ip
* 0.0.0.0 Represents any network
8,netstat command
* Display statistics TCP\IP network connections # View connection information netstat -anop tcp netstat -ano # View routing table netstat -r
<> four ,windows user management
*
Security identifier （SID）
* View users in the system # View users in the system net user # View safety signs （SID） whoami /user
* Use registry view # command regedit
【 be careful 】Windows Administrator user in SID yes 500, For ordinary users SID Is from 1000 start
* Get all users SID wmic useraccount get name,sid
1, user management
*
User addition, deletion and modification
# Clear text password to create account net user zhangsan 123456 /add # Ciphertext creation account net user wangwu /add * # delete user
net user zhangsan /del# Modify user password net user zhangsan 123
*
Hide users
# Create hidden user （ use $ Symbol ） net user zhaoliu$ 123456 /add Is to add after the user $ Symbol
2,windows Built in user account
* Associate with user
* administrators
* Ordinary users
* Guest user guest： Minimum authority , General default prohibition
* And windows Component Association
* system local system ： Have the highest authority
* local service Local service ： Permission lower than user group
* network service network service ： Permissions are the same as user group
<> five ,Windows User group management
1, User group ： A collection of users
2, Built in group account
* administrators: Administrator group
* guests： guests
* users： Standard user group , Group added by default after adding
3, Group management
# Create group net localgrooup tech /add # delete group net localgroup tech /del # Add users to groups net
localgroup tech haoge /add# Remove user from group net localgroup tech haoge /del
<> six ,NTFS jurisdiction
1, file system
* Windows
* Early use FAT16 or FAT32
* Currently used are NTFS
* ACL（ Access Control List , Set permissions ）
* EFS（ Encrypted file system ）
* Compression and disk quotas
* REFS file system
* Linux
* swap： Swap file system , Partition disk into memory
* ext4
* File system conversion # Format conversion command convert h:/fs:ntfs // h Indicates the drive letter
* Early FAT File system does not support more than 4GB Large file
2, file right
3, Folder permissions
4,NTFS rules of competency
*
Permission accumulation
* Accumulation of valid permissions assigned to users
*
Deny permission ： Permission denied is greater than anything else
* When a permission conflict occurs , Denied permissions have the highest priority
*
Inherit permissions
* By default, it inherits the permission of its superior
*
special competencies
* Read permissions
* change permission
* Acquire ownership # To change, you must first have read permission
<> seven , Local security policy
summary ： Some security policies for logging on to the computer
Open mode ： management tool >> Local security policy
command ：secpol.msc
【 be careful 】： Home edition does not have a local security policy
1, Account Strategy
*
Password policy
* Password complexity requirements ： The default is on
* Minimum password length
* Password life
* Force password history
*
Account locking strategy
* First, open the account locking threshold # Administrators are not restricted by it
2, Local policy
* Audit strategy
* User permission assignment
* Security options
<> eight ,Windows File sharing
Sharing requirements ： Use in LAN
1, share permission
* Right click – attribute – Turn on sharing – Full authority control
2,NTFS jurisdiction
3, Final access rights of users from the network
* Shared permissions and NTFS Intersection of permissions
4, Access sharing
* Access mode # First kind \\ip # Second \\ host name # Host name ipconfig see
* If you change the local security policy to enable guest login, you do not need to enter a password
* Open guest account
<> nine , Group policy application
1, concept
A collection of policies
2, Open mode
gpedit.msc
3, Refresh Group Policy
gpupdate /force
<> ten , Registry Foundation
summary ： A database of all computer information
*
command
regedit
<> eleven , Basic concepts of computer network
1, LAN
* Wired LAN
* 802.3
* Wireless LAN
* 802.11
2, Mainstream network manufacturer equipment
* Cisco
* Huawei
* Xinhua III
3, Network security equipment manufacturer
* Deeply convinced
* Chianxin
* Qiming star
4, Network topology
* Star topology （ Double star topology is the most widely used topology in enterprises ）
* High pressure at central node （ High performance equipment is required ）
* Easy to implement
* Easy to expand
* Easy troubleshooting
* Network topology
* High reliability
* The cost is very high
<> twelve , Computer network reference model
1,OSI Seven layer reference model
* physical layer ： Convert binary numbers into electrical and optical signals （ establish , maintain , Disconnect physical link ）.
* data link layer ： Establish logical connection , Hardware addressing , Error checking .
* network layer ： Logical address addressing （ip address ）, Realize the path selection between different networks .
* Transport layer ： Defines the protocol port number for transmitting data , Flow control , Error checking .
* Session layer ： establish , Administration , Abort session .
* Presentation layer ： Representation of data , Encryption compression .
* application layer ： Convert the original data into binary numbers that can be recognized by the computer .
2,TCP/IP（ Transmission control protocol / Internet Protocol ） Five layer model
* physical layer
* data link layer
* network layer ：IP
* ARP： Address resolution protocol
* RARP： Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
* ICMP： Internet control message protocol
* IGMP： Internet Group Management Protocol
* Transport layer
* TCP（ Transmission control protocol ）： More stable and reliable transmission
* UDP（ User datagram protocol ）： High transmission efficiency
* application layer ：HTTP HTTPS SSH TELNET DNS POP3 IMAP FTP
<> thirteen , Data encapsulation and de encapsulation
process
application layer ---- Transport layer ---- network layer ---- data link layer ---- physical layer
<> fourteen , Binary basis
1, Computer number system
* Number system ： Counting method
* digit ： The position of a numeric symbol in a number
* base ： The number of digital symbols that can be used on a digit
* Position right ： Size represented by digits
<> fifteen ,IP Address overview
IP address ： Logical address , Can change
1,ip address
*
Used to identify a network interface in the network
*
A network coding method , Identify a node in the network
*
IP By address 32 Bit binary composition , To facilitate memory ,8 Bits as a group , Separated by dots , Convert to 10 Base system
192.168.18.22 11000000.10101000.00010010.00010110
2,ip Address composition
* Network part ： Used to identify the scope of the network
* Host part ： Used to identify a node in the network range
3,ip Classification of addresses （32 Bit binary composition ）
*
public ip Address classification
*
A class ： Before confirmation 8 Bit is network bit , behind 24 Bit is the host bit , with 0 start
* first 8 Bit range ：0-127 because 0 Represents the local address 127 The beginning is used for circuit detection , Final scope 1-126 1.0.0.0-126.255.255.255
*
B class ： Before confirmation 16 Bit is network bit , after 16 Bit is the host bit , And with 10 start
* Range ：128.0-191.255
*
C class ： Before confirmation 24 Bit is network bit , behind 8 Bit is the host bit , And with 110 start
* Range ：192.0.0.0-223.255.255
*
D,E Is a special address
*
private ip Address classification
* A class ：10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255
* B class ：172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255
* C class ：192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255
* Private addresses cannot be routed directly on the public network , Network address translation is required to convert the private network address into the public network address before accessing the public network content
<> sixteen , Subnet mask
concept ： Used to determine ip Network part of address
have 32 Binary composition of bits , corresponding ip The network part of 1 express , For mainframe 0 express
# The network part and host part are obtained according to the subnet mask . # The first address of this network is the network address , The last address is the broadcast address #
use ip Address and subnet mask “ And ” Calculate the network address
*
default subnet mask
*
A：255.0.0.0 8 position
*
B：255.255.0.0 16 position
*
C：255.255.255.0 24 position
*
The network address represents a range , Cannot be used by host
*
Broadcast address , Represents all addresses of this network segment , Cannot be used by host
<> seventeen , Subnet Division
To facilitate management , Divide large networks into small networks
1, summary
* Use default subnet mask ： Class address
* Use a non default subnet mask ： Classless address
2, Subnet division principle
* Subnet bit Division ： Add network part （ Borrow from host , The number of borrowed bits is called subnet bit ）
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